Since I joined Teachstone as Chief Impact Officer a few months ago, I’ve been thinking and reading a lot about opportunity gaps in education. In a great op-ed from 2013, Prudence Carter and Kevin Welner, co-editors of Closing the Opportunity Gap: What America Must Do to Give Every Child an Even Chance, wrote:
If we as a nation hope to narrow glaring achievement gaps among children of different social classes, we must step up to provide low-income youth with a fair start. We need to think much more seriously about the inputs.
At Teachstone we spend all our time thinking very seriously about the inputs—one specific input, really: access to great teaching. It is our fervent belief that every child and adolescent deserves to experience life-changing teaching—not just one time, but year after year after year.
One recent study does an amazing job of illustrating just how few students have access to great teaching for even a single year, much less many years. The study, entitled “Cumulative Years of Classroom Quality from Kindergarten to Third Grade: Prediction to Children's Third Grade Literacy Skills,” also demonstrates that this opportunity gap is making it harder for many students to achieve their academic goals.
This study was conducted in rural areas of North Carolina and Pennsylvania, among a group of students who are often neglected in large-scale research. As of 2016, over 13 million children under the age of 18 live in a rural area, but we know much less about their educational experiences than we do about children living in more urban and suburban areas. And, although we can’t generalize this study to students living in more urban areas, another recent study provides similar findings across more diverse settings. So we should pay attention.
Okay, so what did they find? I’ll start with the good news and then work down to the bad.
More specifically, students demonstrated stronger passage comprehension and academic knowledge at the end of third grade if they had more years of better teaching. As you can see in the call-out box, the study used the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) to define better teaching—not excellent or perfect; just better. At Teachstone, we refer to these levels of teaching as proficient. And we are working hard to help schools get as many teachers to this level as possible.
While all students benefited from access to better teachers, it was most critical for students who entered kindergarten with low literacy skills, at least for passage comprehension.
Rates of children’s exposure to better teaching for a single year ranged from 33% in kindergarten to 46% in second grade. Here’s the kicker: only 4% of children in the sample had access to classrooms with better teaching across all four years. Yes, only 4%.
Over half of the students had better teaching never or in only one year. Here is the breakdown for the number of years of better teaching students in this study experienced:
This final point wasn’t a focus of the study, but it gets to the heart of the opportunity gap. Because this study was conducted in rural areas and oversampled poor and black students, the findings as a whole point to an opportunity gap for students living in these settings. But even among rural poor, black students and those with the lowest incomes and levels of maternal education are the least likely to have the opportunity to engage with good teaching.
This paper, more than any other I have read, makes it clear that we need to invest more in the early years of schooling. There are many people engaged in this work in states and districts across the country. The National P-3 Center has a great set of resources on this topic.
At Teachstone we are working with many states, school districts, and programs to address these issues. We know that teachers who learn about the CLASS—through intentionally designed and delivered coursework, coaching, and PD—can make notable changes in their teaching practice, helping to close the opportunity gap.
I recently had the amazing opportunity to visit Dallas ISD, with whom we’ve been collaborating on PK-3 for the last four years. They are seeing great results in their collaboration with Southern Methodist University researchers, but the most inspiring part of the visit was talking with their instructional coaches, who use the CLASS to frame their work with teachers.
The coaches had so many great stories to tell about the transformations that are possible when leaders, coaches, and teachers work together with a common focus on the most essential elements of classroom practice. They are working hard to close the opportunity gap for students in Dallas each and every day. I’ll write more about that soon. But for an inspiring crash course, take a moment to listen to Derek Little from Dallas ISD talk about the work at last year’s InterAct CLASS Summit.
We are working to compile more stories about what districts are doing to close the opportunity gap in PK-3. If you have a story to share, please let me know (bridget.hamre@teachstone.com)! There is still a lot of work to do, but at least it feels good to be working in a place where we are driven to make a difference and have the opportunity to collaborate with inspiring leaders across the country.
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We are back with another great episode of Impacting the Classroom. In this episode, our host Marnetta speaks to Keami Harris, the Chief Equity and Strategy Officer at the Early Childhood Funders Collaborative, and Dr. William Johnson, the Director of Educational Strategy at the William Caspar Graustein Memorial Fund. Together, they dive into the history of early childcare and how to support a more equitable system.
You can listen to today's episode here or read the transcript below.
State policymakers have an exciting opportunity to level the playing field for early childhood education with thoughtful system design using the newly released Preschool Development Grant Birth to Five, also known as PDG B-5. This grant provides funding to State early childhood agencies’ to strengthen early childhood systems. In particular, a portion of PDG B-5 funding is targeted for Renewal Grants—24 out of 25 eligible states are expected to be awarded funding for PDG B-5 Renewal Grants. These Renewal Grants will provide three consecutive years of funding to support activities and implementation in each state.
Moving towards a post-pandemic world, early childhood education is still in a fractured state of recovery. Numerous headlines define the inequitable foundation early childhood system is built on that limits educators’ capacity to thrive and impact children’s lives. Yet demand for early learning remains steadfast as families get back to routines in communities everywhere. How do policymakers start to level the playing field for early childhood programs with equitable policies while increasing access for families in need of high-quality care?